Poland commemorative shield of January Uprising 1863

Description

Poland commemorative shield on the wall
January Uprising 1863
size cc. 11 x15 cm
he
January Uprising
(
Polish
:
powstanie styczniowe
,
Lithuanian
:
1863 m. sukilimas
,
Belarusian
:
Паўстанне 1863-1864 гадоў
) was an uprising in the former
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
(present-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Latvia, parts of Ukraine, and western Russia) against the
Russian Empire
. It began on 22 January 1863 and lasted until the last
insurgents
were captured in 1865.
The uprising began as a spontaneous protest by young Poles against
conscription
into the
Imperial Russian Army
. It was soon joined by high-ranking Polish-Lithuanian officers and various politicians. The insurrectionists, severely outnumbered and lacking serious outside support, were forced to resort to
guerrilla warfare
tactics. They failed to win any major military victories or capture any major cities or fortresses, but their call for national unity, and the program of granting land to peasants led to the elimination of
szlachta
privileges.
Reprisals against insurgents included the Tsar’s
abolition of serfdom
that granted land at low value and was designed to draw support of peasants away from the Polish nation and disrupt the national economy. Public executions and
deportations
to
Siberia
led many Poles to abandon armed struggle and turn instead to the idea of "
organic work
": economic and cultural self-improvement.
used but super condition
please look at the photos